ora-0159
14.2 Comparison-guided localization
The observer should localize a failure before any model component is changed. Suppose the decorated decision object is assembled from evidence, mechanism, and consistency blocks,
and the comparison observer factors accordingly as \(\Omega =(\Omega _I,\Omega _A,\Omega _C)\). A defect in \(\Omega _I\) suggests repairing the presentation or evidence transport; a defect in \(\Omega _A\) suggests revising the action geometry; and a defect in \(\Omega _C\) suggests that individually valid pieces fail to compose.
The support of a repair \(r:e\rightsquigarrow e'\) is the smallest registered family of blocks on which the comparison \(e\to e'\) is not an equivalence. The repair is localized at \(B\) when its support is contained in \(B\), and conservative off \(B\) when every settled observer factoring through the complementary blocks gives an equivalence.
Let \(E\simeq E_B\times E_{\bar B}\) on the registered repair context, and let \(r=(r_B,\mathrm{id}_{E_{\bar B}})\) be an admissible filler comparison. Every query \(q:E\to Y\) that factors through \(E_{\bar B}\) is preserved by \(r\). Consequently a repair localized at \(B\) cannot alter any settled conclusion whose warrant is registered entirely off \(B\).
Write \(q=\bar q\circ \pi _{\bar B}\). Since \(\pi _{\bar B}\circ r=\pi _{\bar B}\), we have \(q\circ r=\bar q\circ \pi _{\bar B}\circ r=q\). The same argument in a localized setting replaces equality by the declared equivalence.
The product hypothesis is strong and intentionally visible. In realistic learners, blocks share parameters or latent state. Then a proposed local repair requires an explicit independence or descent certificate. Without one, “change only this warrant” is a user-interface instruction, not a mathematical guarantee.